Ịghọta Concrete Admixtures - Concrete admixtures bụ isiokwu dị mgbagwoju anya ma ọ dị ezigbo mkpa ịghọta ihe admixtures dị na ihe ha na-eme.
Admixtures bụ ihe ndị dị na kọnkịtị bụ ndị ọzọ karịa ihe simenti hydraulic, mmiri, aggregates ma ọ bụ ihe mgbakwunye fiber nke a na-eji dị ka ihe mejupụtara ngwakọta cementious iji gbanwee ihe agwakọta ọhụrụ, ntọala ma ọ bụ ihe siri ike na nke a na-agbakwunye na batch tupu ma ọ bụ n'oge. ịgwakọta.
Ngwakọta ndị na-ebelata mmiri na-eme ka rọba kọnti (mmiri) na ihe ndị siri ike sie ike, ebe a na-eji ihe mgbakwunye na-achịkwa ihe a na-etinye na kọnkịtị a na-etinye ma mechaa na ndị ọzọ karịa okpomọkụ kacha mma.Ha abụọ, mgbe ejiri ya mee ihe n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị, na-atụnye ụtụ n'omume imekọ ihe dị mma.

N'ime ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu ọgbara ọhụrụ, n'okpuru bụ ihe mgbakwunye kọmpụta kacha eji eme ihe.
●Mmiri na-ebelata ihe admixtures
●Superplasticsing ihe admixtures
● Tọọ ihe mgbakwunye ihe eji eme ihe
●Accelerating ihe admixtures
●Amixtures ihe na-eme ka ikuku na-eku ume
●Mmiri na-eguzogide ihe admixtures
●Ala azụ azụ, dị njikere iji
●Agbakwụnye ihe mgbakwunye
● Corrosion na-egbochi ihe admixtures
●Mgbakwụnye ihe ndị nwere ụfụfụ

Mmiri na-ebelata ihe admixtures
Ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri na-ebelata mmiri bụ ihe ndị na-edozi mmiri na-edozi mmiri, nke na-ebelata mmiri dị mkpa iji nweta ọrụ e nyere na-enweghị emetụta ikuku ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ nke ihe.Ha na-arụ ọrụ atọ:
●Mmụba ike na ọnụego nke uru ike.
● Akụ na ụba na nhazi ngwakọta na mbelata akara ụkwụ carbon.
●Mbawanye ịrụ ọrụ.

Superplasticsing ihe admixtures
High nso mmiri mbenata admixtures na-akpọ Superplasticising admixtures bụ sịntetik, mmiri-soluble organic chemicals, na-emekarị polymers, nke budata belata ego nke mmiri chọrọ iji nweta a nyere agbanwe agbanwe na plastic concrete.
Ha na-ebelata ọdịnaya mmiri na-enweghị ibelata ike maka nnukwu ọrụ chọrọ.Ha na-emekwa ka ịdịte aka dịkwuo mma.
Mmiri dị elu na-ebelata admixtures na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ yiri nke ahụ 'Normal Water Reducing Admixtures, ma ha dị ike na ciment ha na-agbasa ihe ma nwee ike iji ya mee ihe na elu dose na-enweghị mmetụta ndị na-achọghị dị ka ikuku entrainment ma ọ bụ retardation nke set.

Tọọ retarding ihe admixtures
Set retarding admixtures bụ kemịkalụ na-agbaze mmiri na-egbu oge nhazi nke ciment.Ha adịghị plasticise nke ukwuu ma nwee ntakịrị ma ọ bụ enweghị mmetụta na mmiri chọrọ ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ nke ihe ahụ.
Tọọ ihe ndọghachi azụ na-ebelata mmiri ọ bụghị naanị na-egbu oge ịtọlite ​​​​cement mana ọ na-abawanye arụmọrụ mbụ site n'ịkwasa ihe ahụ ma ọ bụ belata agụụ mmiri ya.Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime admixtures retarding dị n'ahịa bụ ụdị nke a.
A na-eji ndị na-ebelata mmiri na-ebelata ma na-ebelata mmiri dị elu iji:
●Egbula oge nhazi nke ihe
● Gbochie nhazi nkwonkwo oyi
● Mụbaa ịrụ ọrụ mbụ
●Mma workability njigide ka ihe Dịkwuo ike kacha.
● Mepụta akụ na ụba n'ụdị ngwakọta
Okwesiri iburu n'uche na mgbe a choro retarder maka njigide slump.Mgbakwụnye admixture na-eweghachi azụ anaghị emepụta njide slump na mgbanwe ndị ọzọ na ngwakọta ga-adị mkpa.

Accelerating ihe admixtures
Accelerating admixtures nwere ike iji ma na-amụba ọnụ ọgụgụ nke stiffening / ntọala nke ihe ma ọ bụ na-amụba ọnụego nke hardening na mmalite ike nweta ohere na mbụ de-moulding na njikwa.Ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ngwa ngwa na-enweta otu karịa ọrụ abụọ a.
Ndị na-eme ngwa ngwa na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na okpomọkụ dị ala.Set accelerators bụ ụzọ dị irè isi na-achịkwa oge nhazi nke ihe ndị dị otú ahụ, ọbụna ndị nwere ihe ngbanwe ciment.
A na-ejikwa ngwa ngwa iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke mmebi site na oyi na-atụ mgbe ị na-atụgharị na ihu igwe oyi na iji kwe ka iwepụ ọrụ ụdị mbụ ma ekwesịrị ịmara na ha abụghị ihe mgbochi ifriizi.A ka ga-echekwarịrị ihu kọmpụta ekpughere ma gwọọ ya nke ọma.
N'oge okpomọkụ nkịtị, ụzọ ka mma nke teknụzụ kachasị mma isi kwalite ike n'oge bụ iji ihe na-ebelata mmiri dị elu.
Mbelata dị ịrịba ama (karịa 15%) na simenti mmiri nwere ike karịa ike mkpakọ okpukpu abụọ na afọ na-erughị awa 24.Enwere ike iji ngwa ngwa na njikọ superplasticisers (<0.35 w/c ratio) ebe achọrọ ike nwata.Karịsịa na obere okpomọkụ.Ọ bụrụ na achọrọ ya, enwere ike ijikọ ojiji nke ngwa ngwa na ndị na-ebelata mmiri dị elu iji kwalite mmepe ike mmalite na ma obere okpomọkụ ma dị mma.
Ngwa ndị ọzọ maka ngwa ngwa admixtures gụnyere nrụzi ihe ngwa ngwa yana na ọrụ nchekwa oke osimiri iji hụ na a na-emezi kọmnta n'oge na mpaghara tidal.

Ihe admixtures nke na-eme ka ikuku
Ikuku Entraining admixtures bụ n'elu arụ ọrụ kemịkalụ nke na-eme ka a na-emepụta obere afụ ikuku kwụsiri ike site na ngwakọta ihe.Afụ ndị a na-adịkarị n'okpuru 1 mm dayameta na oke dị elu dị n'okpuru 0.3 mm.
Uru ndị dị na ntinye ikuku n'ime ihe gụnyere:
●Mmụba iguzogide omume nke kefriza na thawing
●Mmụba njikọta nke na-eme ka ọbara na-adị ntakịrị na ngwakọta nkewa.
●Mbara kọmpat na ala workability mixes.
●Na-enye nkwụsi ike na kọmpụta extruded
●Na-enye mmakọ ọnụ na njikwa akụrụngwa maka ngwa akwa akwa.
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Mmiri na-eguzogide ihe admixtures
Mmiri na-eguzogide admixtures bụ nke a na-akpọkarị 'waterproofing' admixtures na a pụkwara ịkpọ ya permeability mbenata' admixtures.Ọrụ ha bụ isi bụ iji belata ma ọ bụ nnabata elu n'ime ihe na / ma ọ bụ ngafe mmiri site na kọmpụta siri ike.Iji mezuo nke a, ọtụtụ ngwaahịa na-arụ ọrụ n'otu ụzọ ma ọ bụ karịa n'ime ụzọ ndị a:
●Ibelata nha, ọnụ ọgụgụ na ịga n'ihu nke nhazi nke pore capillary
●Na-egbochi nhazi nke pore capillary
● Na-ekpuchi capillaries na ihe hydrophobic iji gbochie ịmịnye mmiri site na absorption / capillary suction.
Ihe mgbakwunye 'waterproofing' ndị a na-ebelata nnabata na ike mmiri site n'ime ihe n'usoro capillary nke tapawa ciment.Ha agaghị ebelata oke mmiri na-abanye site na mgbawa ma ọ bụ site na kọmpat kọmpat na-adịghị mma nke bụ ihe abụọ na-emekarị ka mmiri na-agbapụta n'ime ụlọ.
Egosipụta ihe ndị na-eguzogide mmiri iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke corrosion nke ịgbado ígwè n'ime ihe na-adabere na gburugburu ebe ike ike mana nke a bụ n'okpuru ụdị admixture kwesịrị ekwesị ma ọ bụ ngwakọta nke ụdị eji.
Mgbakwụnye mmiri na-egbochi mmiri nwere ihe ndị ọzọ gụnyere mbelata efflorescence, nke nwere ike bụrụ nsogbu pụrụ iche na ụfọdụ ihe precast.

Akwụghachila azụ, dị njikere iji ngwa agha
Mortars adịla njikere iji mee ihe na-adabere na nchikota nke ngwa ngwa plasticiser (ikuku enraining/plasticing admixture) na ngwa agha retarder.A na-ahazi nchikota a iji nye ogologo nkwụsi ike, ọ na-abụkarị awa 36.Otú ọ dị, mgbe a na-etinye ngwa agha ahụ n'etiti akụkụ ndị na-agbapụta ihe, a na-emewanye ntọala ma ngwa ngwa na-atọkwa nke ọma.
Ngwongwo ndị a na-akwado ịnye ngwa ngwa n'ebe a na-ewu ụlọ site na ndị na-ebubata ngwa ngwa ma na-enye uru ndị a bụ isi:
● Ogo ekwenyesiri ike na njikwa ngwakọta
● Ọdịnaya ikuku na-agbanwe agbanwe ma kwụsie ike
● Njide nkwụsi ike (arụ ọrụ) (ruo awa 72.)
●Mbawanye nrụpụta
●Na-ewepụ mkpa maka mixers na nchekwa nke ihe na saịtị
●
Ekwesịrị iburu n'uche mmachibido iji ngwa agha ejikere ejikere eme ihe na-adịghị amị mkpụrụ, nke akọwapụtara na nkeji 4.6 na 4.7.

Gbasara ihe admixtures
A na-awụsa ihe ndị a na-efesa n'ebe a na-etinye ya n'ebe a na-etinye ya ma tinyezie ya na ikuku oyi n'ime ebe dị elu.Ngwa ndị a na-abụkarị vetikal ma ọ bụ n'elu na nke a na-achọ nkwụsi ike ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụrụ na a ga-ezere slumping ma ọ bụ mfu site na iwepu ihe na mkpụrụ n'okpuru ibu nke ya.N'ime ngwa ọwara mmiri, a na-ejikarị kọnmnta fesa na-enye nkwado nhazi n'oge na nke a na-achọ mmepe ike mmalite yana nkwụsi ike ngwa ngwa.
Enwere ike iji admixtures mee ihe na ihe ọhụrụ ahụ iji nye nkwụsi ike na njikwa hydration tupu ịgbasa.Mgbe ahụ site na mgbakwunye na mgbakwunye ngwa ngwa na nozzle spray, a na-achịkwa rheology na nhazi nke ihe ahụ iji hụ na ewulite nke ọma n'elu mkpụrụ ahụ yana opekempe ihe na-enweghị njikọ na-eme ka nlọghachi.
Enwere usoro abụọ:
● Usoro akọrọ ebe mix mmiri na ihe osooso na-agbakwunyere a akọrọ ngwa agha mix na
● fesa nozzle.
●Usoro mmiri ebe ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ ihe na-emeju ya na stabilizer / retarder tupu eme ya.
●na-awụpụ na nozzle ebe a na-agbakwunye ngwa ngwa.

Usoro mmiri ahụ aghọwo usoro a na-ahọrọ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya ka ọ na-ebelata uzuzu uzuzu, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe onwunwe na-emegharị ma na-enye ihe nchịkwa na-agbanwe agbanwe.

Corrosion na-egbochi ihe admixtures
Ịghọta Concrete Admixtures – Corrosion inhibiting admixtures na-abawanye ọnọdụ passivation nke mkwado na nchara ndị ọzọ agbakwunyere na ihe owuwu.Nke a nwere ike igbochi usoro corrosion ruo ogologo oge mgbe ngafe ga-efunahụ ya n'ihi ntinye chloride ma ọ bụ carbonation.
A na-akpọ ihe mgbochi corrosion na-egbochi admixtures agbakwunyere na kọnkịtị n'oge mmepụta ihe ndị na-egbochi corrosion “integral”.Migratory corrosion inhibitors dịkwa nke a ga-etinye na kọmpụta siri ike mana ndị a abụghị ihe mgbakwunye.
Ihe na-ebutekarị corrosion nkwado bụ pitting corrosion n'ihi ntinye nke ion chloride site na ihe mkpuchi na mgbasa na-esote ruo nchara nchara.Ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-egbochi corrosion nwere ike ibuli ọnụ ụzọ nchara nchara, ha abụghị ihe ọzọ na-emepụta ihe na-adịghị agwụ agwụ, na-adịgide adịgide nke na-egbochi mgbasa chloride.
Carbonation nke ihe na-eduga na mbelata nke alkalinity gburugburu ígwè na nke a na-akpata ọnwụ nke passivation nke nwekwara ike ịkpata n'ozuzu mkwado corrosion.Ndị na-egbochi corrosion nwere ike inye aka ichebe ụdị ọgụ a.
Ndị na-egbochi corrosion nwere ike belata ọnụ ahịa nrụzi nke ihe owuwu agbakwunyere n'oge ndụ ọrụ nke afọ 30-40.Ihe owuwu kacha dị n'ihe ize ndụ bụ ndị ekpughere na mpaghara mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ ebe enwere ike ịbanye na kọmpụta chloride.Ihe owuwu ndị dị otú ahụ gụnyere àkwà mmiri, ọwara mmiri, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, jetties, wharves, dolphins mooring na mgbidi oké osimiri.Enwere ike imetụta ihe owuwu ụzọ awara awara site na itinye nnu na-ekpochapụ ice n'oge ọnwa oyi, dịkwa ka ogige ntụrụndụ ụgbọ ala nwere ọtụtụ ọnụ ụlọ ebe mmiri jupụtara nnu na-asọpụ n'ụgbọ ala ma na-ekupụ n'ala ala.

Ihe admixtures nke nwere ụfụfụ
Ịghọta Concrete Admixtures – Foamed Concrete Admixtures bụ surfactants na-diluted na mmiri tupu-agafe ihe ngwọta site a ụfụfụ generator nke na-arụpụta a kwụsiri ike tupu ụfụfụ, dị ka ịkpụcha ude.A na-agwakọtazi ụfụfụ a ka ọ bụrụ ngwa ngwa simentious n'ọnụọgụ nke na-emepụta njupụta achọrọ n'ime ngwa ngwa ụfụfụ (nke a na-akpọkarị foamed concrete).
Obere njupụta juputara Admixtures bụkwa surfactants mana etinyere ya ozugbo n'ime ájá bara ụba, ọdịnaya cement dị ala iji nye ikuku 15 ruo 25%.Nke a dị ala njupụta jupụtara;A na-akpọkwa Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), nwere ezigbo ihe na-asọpụta ma chọpụta na a na-eji ya na ngwa na-ejuputa trenchi yana ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ike na-enweghị ike.

Maka ozi ndị ọzọ na ịrịọ maka nkwupụta, biko nweere onwe gị ịkpọtụrụ ndị otu ahịa anyị.